͘͘PTME

Permian Triassic Mass Extinction, 252 million years ago

Video by JG Science, 19 jul 2018, 0m06-10m57

Video by Prehistorica, 30 jul 2018, 0m00-7m18

Video by Naked Science, 8 apr 2014, 0m00-1h20m23


Click to enlarge. Source: Michael J. Benton, Hyperthermal-driven mass extinctions: killing models during the Permian–Triassic mass extinction, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 376(2130) ArtID=20170076 (2018). Ref [23] is Algeo et. al. (2011) below.




Click to enlarge. Source: Thomas J.Algeo, Zhong Q.Chen, Margaret L.Fraiser and Richard J.Twitchett, Terrestrial–marine teleconnections in the collapse and rebuilding of Early Triassic marine ecosystems, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Volume 308, Issues 1–2, 15 July 2011, Pages 1-11.   OMZ = Oxygen Minimum Zone
EPME = End Permian Mass Extinction;     PTB = Permian Triassic Boundary